Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc, a biopharmaceutical company, identifies, develops, and commercializes pharmaceutical products for various unmet medical needs in the United States, Europe, and internationally. Jazz Pharmaceuticals beats Kala Pharmaceuticals on 9 of the 14 factors compared between the two stocks. Jazz Pharmaceuticals is trading at a lower price-to-earnings ratio than Kala Pharmaceuticals, indicating that it is currently the more affordable of the two stocks. Sodium oxybate and gamma-hydroxybutyrate are effective treatment options to reduce the number of cataplexy episodes.Kala Pharmaceuticals has lower revenue, but higher earnings than Jazz Pharmaceuticals. Another drug that is widely used to treat narcolepsy is Xyrem® (sodium oxybate or gamma hydroxybutyrate, also known as GHB), a short-acting sleep aid that is tightly regulated because it has potential for abuse. Many people with narcolepsy and EDS take regularly scheduled naps, and avoid drinking alcohol or caffeinated beverages before bed. In addition, two classes of antidepressant drugs have been proven to help control cataplexy. Food and Drug Administration approved a drug called Modafinil for the treatment of EDS in 1999.
#EDS AND CATAPLEXY FULL#
However, in the case of cataplexy, that characteristic of REM sleep occurs suddenly during the day, causing weakness or full paralysis. This is all ultimately caused by an autoimmune destruction of the neurotransmitter hypocretin, which regulates arousal and wakefulness. During normal rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, there is a natural loss of muscle tone. Laughter is reported as the most common stimulus for cataplexy. The loss of muscle tone in cataplexy occurs because of the inability to regulate sleep states. The frequency of cataplectic episodes varies widely among people with narcolepsy. These episodes last up to a few minutes, and some people may fall asleep afterwards. What are the symptoms of cataplexy?Ī person experiencing a cataplectic attack usually is awake and aware of what is happening, but he/she cannot move. Cataplectic attacks vary in severity from slight momentary drooping of the eyelids to inability to remain standing. What is cataplexy?Ĭataplexy is a unique symptom of narcolepsy that is characterized by sudden and uncontrollable muscle weakness or paralysis that is generally triggered by a strong emotion, such as excitement, fear, anger, or laughter. Cataplexy by itself is often misdiagnosed as a seizure disorder. Most people are not diagnosed until years after the onset of symptoms. Not all people with narcolepsy experience cataplexy, or the sudden loss of muscle control, but many do. Some even stay asleep longer and can experience hallucinations while asleep or upon waking. People who have narcolepsy can fall instantly asleep for a few moments, or a few minutes. This condition is different from idiopathic hypersomnia. Narcolepsy and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) are caused by a neurological disorder that prevents the brain from regulating a person’s sleep-wake cycle. Narcolepsy (and Cataplexy) What is narcolepsy?
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