īased on the annual production of various plastics such as polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyurethane (PU), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), PE and PP that have been widely used in Korea agriculture, comprise more than 60% of the total global plastic production and the annual production of PE is 116 million tons. The groundwater is also contaminated due to hazardous chemicals from the plastic waste in landfills. More seriously, the micro-plastic could act as a carrier to increase the adsorption of hardly decomposable hydrophobic chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), when it is introduced into the food chain. In addition, the small size of suspended plastics causes the reduction of light transmission on the sea surface, photosynthetic efficiency of micro-algae, and the productivity of marine organisms. The waste plastics that form particulate matter by UV irradiation and weathering increase surface area and mobility and thereby incorporate easily into the food chain, causing fatal injuries to all living organisms. An estimated more than 500 billion to 1 trillion plastic bags used globally disturb the ecosystem and ultimately result into serious environmental issues of recycling these materials from the environment. Polyethylene and polypropylene represent about 92% of the synthetic plastics produced, and they are used for production of plastic bags, disposable containers, bottles, packaging materials, etc.
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In fact, a survey on the Great Pacific Garbage Patch has estimated 80,000 tons of waste plastics have found in the Pacific latitudes, including Hawaii, with 54% of the waste coming from North America and Asia. Worldwide the annual production of non-degradable plastic ranges from 350 million to 400 million tons out of that yearly, 5 to 13 million tons of waste plastic are released into the ocean, which is negatively affecting the ecological environment.
Versatile properties of plastics, such as diverse application, convenience, non-degradability, and low price, have led to the replacement of natural materials and common use as household items since 1960. Researches on various synthetic polymers have been accelerated since DuPont had succeeded in mass production and an exclusive sale of nylon in 1940.
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